Integrand size = 26, antiderivative size = 699 \[ \int \frac {x^{-1-\frac {n}{3}}}{a+b x^n+c x^{2 n}} \, dx=-\frac {3 x^{-n/3}}{a n}-\frac {\sqrt {3} \left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}-\frac {\sqrt {3} \left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}}{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}-\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} a^{2/3} x^{-2 n/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}-\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} a^{2/3} x^{-2 n/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n} \]
[Out]
Time = 1.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 699, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 16, number of rules used = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.385, Rules used = {1395, 1354, 1381, 1436, 206, 31, 648, 631, 210, 642} \[ \int \frac {x^{-1-\frac {n}{3}}}{a+b x^n+c x^{2 n}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {3} \left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} n \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt {3} \left (\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}}{\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} n \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} n \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} n \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} a^{2/3} x^{-2 n/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} n \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} a^{2/3} x^{-2 n/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3} \sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} n \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {3 x^{-n/3}}{a n} \]
[In]
[Out]
Rule 31
Rule 206
Rule 210
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 1354
Rule 1381
Rule 1395
Rule 1436
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {3 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+\frac {c}{x^6}+\frac {b}{x^3}} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{n} \\ & = -\frac {3 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^6}{c+b x^3+a x^6} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{n} \\ & = -\frac {3 x^{-n/3}}{a n}+\frac {3 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {c+b x^3}{c+b x^3+a x^6} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{a n} \\ & = -\frac {3 x^{-n/3}}{a n}+\frac {\left (3 \left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {b}{2}-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+a x^3} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 a n}+\frac {\left (3 \left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {b}{2}+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+a x^3} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 a n} \\ & = -\frac {3 x^{-n/3}}{a n}+\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+\sqrt [3]{a} x} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt [3]{a} x}{\frac {\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+a^{2/3} x^2} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+\sqrt [3]{a} x} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt [3]{a} x}{\frac {\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+a^{2/3} x^2} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n} \\ & = -\frac {3 x^{-n/3}}{a n}+\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}-\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+2 a^{2/3} x}{\frac {\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+a^{2/3} x^2} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (3 \left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+a^{2/3} x^2} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{2\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} n}-\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+2 a^{2/3} x}{\frac {\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+a^{2/3} x^2} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (3 \left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+a^{2/3} x^2} \, dx,x,x^{-n/3}\right )}{2\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} n} \\ & = -\frac {3 x^{-n/3}}{a n}+\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}-\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} a^{2/3} x^{-2 n/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}-\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} a^{2/3} x^{-2 n/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (3 \left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (3 \left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}}{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n} \\ & = -\frac {3 x^{-n/3}}{a n}-\frac {\sqrt {3} \left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}-\frac {\sqrt {3} \left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}}{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}+\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} x^{-n/3}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}-\frac {\left (b-\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} a^{2/3} x^{-2 n/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n}-\frac {\left (b+\frac {b^2-2 a c}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} a^{2/3} x^{-2 n/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x^{-n/3}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{2} a^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3} n} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 0.18 (sec) , antiderivative size = 127, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.18 \[ \int \frac {x^{-1-\frac {n}{3}}}{a+b x^n+c x^{2 n}} \, dx=\frac {6 c x^{-n/3} \left (\frac {\operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {1}{3},1,\frac {2}{3},\frac {2 c x^n}{-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{b^2-4 a c-b \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\frac {\operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {1}{3},1,\frac {2}{3},-\frac {2 c x^n}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{b^2-4 a c+b \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{n} \]
[In]
[Out]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 1.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 534, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.76
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {3 x^{-\frac {n}{3}}}{a n}+\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\left (64 a^{7} c^{3} n^{6}-48 a^{6} b^{2} c^{2} n^{6}+12 a^{5} b^{4} c \,n^{6}-a^{4} b^{6} n^{6}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{6}+\left (-32 a^{3} b \,c^{3} n^{3}+32 a^{2} b^{3} c^{2} n^{3}-10 a \,b^{5} c \,n^{3}+b^{7} n^{3}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{3}+c^{4}\right )}{\sum }\textit {\_R} \ln \left (x^{\frac {n}{3}}+\left (-\frac {64 n^{5} a^{8} c^{4}}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}+\frac {112 n^{5} b^{2} a^{7} c^{3}}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}-\frac {60 n^{5} b^{4} a^{6} c^{2}}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}+\frac {13 n^{5} b^{6} a^{5} c}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}-\frac {n^{5} b^{8} a^{4}}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{5}+\left (\frac {28 n^{2} b \,a^{4} c^{4}}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}-\frac {63 n^{2} b^{3} a^{3} c^{3}}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}+\frac {42 n^{2} b^{5} a^{2} c^{2}}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}-\frac {11 n^{2} b^{7} a c}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}+\frac {n^{2} b^{9}}{2 a^{2} c^{5}-4 a \,b^{2} c^{4}+b^{4} c^{3}}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}\right )\right )\) | \(534\) |
[In]
[Out]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 3155 vs. \(2 (567) = 1134\).
Time = 0.37 (sec) , antiderivative size = 3155, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.51 \[ \int \frac {x^{-1-\frac {n}{3}}}{a+b x^n+c x^{2 n}} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
[In]
[Out]
\[ \int \frac {x^{-1-\frac {n}{3}}}{a+b x^n+c x^{2 n}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{- \frac {n}{3} - 1}}{a + b x^{n} + c x^{2 n}}\, dx \]
[In]
[Out]
\[ \int \frac {x^{-1-\frac {n}{3}}}{a+b x^n+c x^{2 n}} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{-\frac {1}{3} \, n - 1}}{c x^{2 \, n} + b x^{n} + a} \,d x } \]
[In]
[Out]
\[ \int \frac {x^{-1-\frac {n}{3}}}{a+b x^n+c x^{2 n}} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{-\frac {1}{3} \, n - 1}}{c x^{2 \, n} + b x^{n} + a} \,d x } \]
[In]
[Out]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {x^{-1-\frac {n}{3}}}{a+b x^n+c x^{2 n}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{x^{\frac {n}{3}+1}\,\left (a+b\,x^n+c\,x^{2\,n}\right )} \,d x \]
[In]
[Out]